反思型教师教育的模式述评

在反思型教师与教师教育运动中 ,涌现出多种教师教育模式。其中技术性反思模式、行动中和行动后反思模式、缜密性反思模式、人格性反思模式和批判性反思模式最具代表性。这五种模式各有优缺点 ,可以实现互补。因此 ,教师教育计划应该对五种反思能力的培养均给予关注     

Wikipedia in the anti-SOPA protests as a case study of direct,deliberative democracy in cyberspace

This paper contributes to the discussion on deliberative, direct democracy and volunteer mobilization in the Internet era by analyzing the vote participation levels of Wikipedia volunteer editors (Wikipedians). On 18th January 2012 in the ‘first Internet strike’ against the American ‘Stop Online Piracy Act' legislation, over two thousand Wikipedians took part in the vote concerning whether their site should undertake a protest action, with vast majority expressing support for this action. However, the vote participants formed only a tiny fraction of the total number of Wikipedians who number in millions. Although Wikipedia can be seen as an open, democratic forum practicing deliberative, direct democracy, the process of voting on Wikipedia is significantly influenced by participation inequality, with a majority of the vote participation coming from a small group of most active contributors – an effective oligarchy. This paper discusses the intricate dynamics between Wikipedia egalitarian ethos and the creed to discuss project matters deliberately on one hand and the conspicuous lack of promotion and advertisement stemming from a rule against ‘canvassing’ and an overall skepticism regarding the status of majority votes. While voters' passivity and lack of interest play a major role, as expected, another factor emerges as a significant factor responsible for the low levels of participation: an inefficient information distribution system, as the vast majority of Wikipedians were not aware of the ongoing discussions and the vote itself until after their conclusion.     

Two-queue polling systems with switching policy based on the queue that is not being served

We study a system of two non-identical and separate M/M/1/? queues with capacities (buffers) C₁ < ∞ and C₂ = ∞, respectively, served by a single server that alternates between the queues. The server’s switching policy is threshold-based, and, in contrast to other threshold models, is determined by the state of the queue that is not being served. That is, when neither queue is empty while the server attends Q_i (i = 1, 2), the server switches to the other queue as soon as the latter reaches its threshold. When a served queue becomes empty we consider two switching scenarios: (i) Work-Conserving, and (ii) Non-Work-Conserving. We analyze the two scenarios using Matrix Geometric methods and obtain explicitly the rate matrix R, where its entries are given in terms of the roots of the determinants of two underlying matrices. Numerical examples are presented and extreme cases are investigated.     

连续物料订单分拣完全-并行限定(k=1)轮询控制机理

中国是粮食生产大国和人口大国，粮食问题对于我国经济社会的发展具有举足轻重的影响。现有粮食供应链"层层批发"的流通体制不能满足消费者个性化需求。所以，本文基于客户的个性化需求，应用轮询系统理论来研究面粉、大米等粮食连续物料的订单分拣自动化控制机理。本文根据实际业务需求设定普通订单、优先订单，对优先订单的分拣实行完全服务控制策略，对普通订单分拣实行限定（k=1）服务控制策略，建立完全-并行限定（k=1）的二级优先级订单分拣轮询控制系统模型，确保优先业务订单顾客得到更优质服务，同时保证订单分拣系统的公平性。采用嵌入式Markov链、多维概率母函数和拉式变换求解理论模型，并通过数值计算分析，精确求解其一阶系统特性、二阶系统特性等关键性能参数，从而深入研究连续物料订单分拣的控制机理。     

Enacting reflective and deliberative practices in action research

ABSTRACT

We consider action research as a form of deliberative policy analysis. This analysis explores a “reconstruction clinic” in which stakeholders and public officials engaged memories, hopes and obligations as they sought to resolve controversies over details of policy implementation. We ask how institutional design shaped participants’ reflective and deliberative progress. Reflection in action can prompt not only changes in cognitive frames, but new behavioural capacities for action. Deliberative practices can shape new relationships between parties through the work of apology, recognition, appreciation, and emergent collaboration.     

The practice of deliberative policy analysis in the context of political and cultural challenges: lessons from Thailand

ABSTRACT

This article draws upon insight from a study of those involved in introducing deliberative policy analysis in Thailand at the city scale and presents lessons for both policy practitioners and scholars. The design of each deliberative forum differed, depending on lessons learned from previous forums and the consensus that emerged as a result of deliberation amongst forum facilitators. The underlying principle of this kind of deliberative design is to make deliberative processes authentic, by avoiding coercion, inclusive, by engaging stakeholders who bring forth different ideas, and impactful. To make these forums more exciting, deliberative practices are often linked to other attractive discourses, such as those surrounding smart cities, creative spaces and inclusive development. The case of Thailand sheds light on emerging challenges involved in the practice of deliberative policy analysis in the context of both national political regimes that are not democracies and those in the East.     

近年来国内协商民主理论研究转向的综述

中国学者对西方协商民主理论的认识越来越深化.由最初对协商民主理论规范的认识,概念的分析解读以及乐观性的接受,经过了一个阶段的深化锤炼,国内学者开始转向其实践形态和在实践运行过程的研究.同时开始越来越认识到在实施中理论和实践操作的困境     

政权组织体制视阀下中西协商民主研究

协商民主理论在全世界范围内的广泛发展和传播,使其越来越受到政治学界和政治活动家的重视。作为民主政治制度的新转向,协商民主制度具备以“公共理性”为基础的柔性协商特征,因此在中西不同的政权组织体制国家内都占据着重要地位。深入探讨西方国家的三权分立体制与中国议行合一制度中的协商因素,对两者存在的差异性进行对位分析和比较研究,有助于突显协商民主在特定的社会背景和政治实践中的作用和意义。     

西方环境公民权理论与绿色变革

生态可持续性理论和审议民主理论,对环境公民权的基本设定与理解有着很大的差异——前者是一种生态主义政治理论,而后者是自由主义政治理论的一种时代拓展。但在对环境公民权概念阐释的内容与方法上,二者存在着很多理论衔接点或相近点。更为重要的是,二者都可以理解为生态政治理论家和民主政治理论家试图借助环境公民权这一概念,在各自领域中推动一种有利于可持续社会目标实现的理论努力,虽然不能过高估计它们所蕴涵的社会绿色变革潜力。     

从偏好的聚合到偏好的转换：中国农村民主形式变迁的内在理路

表达、汇集和满足偏好是民主的原本内涵和民主形式演进的内驱力。偏好聚合式的选举民主在中国获得了较大成就,并成为目前农村最主要的民主形式之一。但偏好聚合式的选举民主由于忽视了若干问题,导致其价值的发挥存在一定限度。为了更好地将村民个体的偏好表现出来,满足其管理乡村事务的需求,必须实现由偏好的聚合到偏好的转换,即实现从选举民主到协商民主的变迁,这是中国农村基层民主形式变迁的内在理路,也彰显了十八届三中全会民主政治建设的新思路。